The dangers of using an air filter for too long are very small. If the air filter becomes overly dirty and begins to restrict air flow, this would be a problem when the engine is pumping maximum air volume, in other words only at WOT at redline, and decreasing importance as these factors are lessened.
In the situation where the filter is restricting airflow, the Intake Air Pressure Sensor will register the change in vacuum and the ECU will adjust the fuel injection so the fuel mixture will never become an issue, like it would in the bad old days of carbs. In other words, there would be no loss in performance in any but the extreme case of WOT and high RPM.
As for it being somehow harmful to run around with a dirty air filter, that is nonsense. The dirt is on the outside of the filter, not in the engine. The dirtier the filter, the smaller the remaining air passages there are through the filter media, the more completely the filter will filter particles. So while a brand new filter may pass anything smaller than 10 microns, a dirty filter may filter down to 5 or even smaller. That said, you could make the argument that you would be doing your engine a disservice by replacing the filter too soon.
YMMV