I my road race days in the 90's we used hard anodized aluminum sprockets because it was unsprung weight and any weight on the rear wheel affect how fast the engine could rev. They were cheap to, about $50 apiece then. We used to change them, and the front sprocket to get the correct gear ratio for the track we were at. The front was also aluminum. It was surprising how long they lasted before you had to replace one.That was pretty much what I expected to see. Would be even cooler to look at in high speed / slow mo.
That is (obviously) the slack side of the chain at the bottom. That lower stretch isn't really doing anything. All the work is being done up on top. Plus, during acceleration when the bike squats in the rear that slackens the chain even more.
Those alloy buzz saw rear sprockets are all the rage these days. The bottom of the teeth are undercut to allow spooge to be squeezed out and flung away. The trailing (and to a lesser extent leading) edges of the teeth are the only parts that bear any load. They don't last very long but they are much lighter. I still greatly prefer steel sprockets.
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