#12 wire has a conservative rating of 40 amps in free air (not buried in a harness bundle). This certainly exceeds the need. Usually fuses are rated for twice the expected load. If you were to run a pair of 55 watt driving lights, GPS, audio mixer and heated grips the load would be in the area of 155 watts which is roughly 11 amps at 14 volts so a 20 or 25 amp main fuse would be appropriate. Your fuse needs a bit of 'head room' because some items have an initial turn-on inrush of current that is higher than the steady state running current.
Don't sweat finding the exact fuse size, as long as the fuse is under 40 amps and over what you guess your farkles will draw you will be OK.
So, your fuse blew, was it too small or is something is wrong? Look at the fuse filament. If it was too much steady current, the filament will simply be open. If it was caused by a short or something that failed and drew too much current the fuse filament area will look black and/or burned. Too much steady state current will slowly melt the fuse filament, a short duration high current spike will vaporize the filament causing the burned look.