...Approaching a red light, I filtered to the front. The signal is at an intersection in a right curve with a short line of sight where it is not real good to be at the back. As I reached the front the signal changed to green, and I easily passed the first vehicle, a guy in a black Lexus SUV.
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You ask the serious question "What would you have done?"
My answer is I would have tried not to get in that position in the first place.
I've created my own set of rules, the first being to try not to antagonise anyone.
In the original situation, coming up behind traffic waiting at lights, I make a judgement as to whether I can reach the front before the lights go to green. If I'm not certain, I hang back. If I'm sure I can, I will move up towards the front.
Then it's a matter of judgement as to whether to go right to the front. If I think one of the drivers might be upset (other posters have given good pointers to look for), I will position the bike between and behind the two lead cars. When the traffic moves off, I choose to stay behind or move forward according to the lead cars' behaviours.
If I feel I can move right to the front, I move as far forward as I can to ensure both drivers can see me, wait until red and amber have been on for a second, then go, positively but not violently.
In the UK we have a disadvantage when it comes to the lights changing to green, as a precursor they show red and amber for a couple of seconds before the green.
(This comes from a time when cars couldn't easily be held ready to move off, think "clutch down ... select first gear [graunch] ... start to take up the drive ... handbrake off ... ah, we've got a green!".)
The amber-gamblers will take off on when they first see the amber, so it is impossible to legally move off in front of them. If I think a leading car driver might do this, I will not compete.
What I've said is pretty idealistic, but luckily here in the UK we don't get the real crazies you seem to have in the 'States, but there are sufficient that it isn't worth antagonising anyone.
And, just to make life a little more complicated, at many of our traffic lights are sections in front of where we motorised vehicles have to stop for cyclists to get in front of the queue. This means that your best-laid plans to move off in front can be stymied by pedal-pushers, having wormed their way up front they may move off at a sedate pace when the lights go green. I have to say this is a rarity, most cyclists seem to ignore traffic light colours, simply using them to stop cars while, against the red, they continue to weave across the other flow. Yes, it's scary.
Finally, if I did find an aggressive driver, I would do exactly as you did, everything in my power to avoid direct confrontation. It's only seriously happened to me once. I was able to gradually get ahead in the traffic, in my mirror I could see him make some dangerous passes as he tried to catch up, until I lost him altogether.